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INTRODUCTION
It appears that the energy required for DNA
transcription is from the magnetic fields or waves, generated from the many
areas of oscillation in the DNA itself. This oscillation energy in DNA is
constantly active. This oscillation changes as the cells prepare to transcribe
or replicate with supercoiling potentially giving extra energy. Oscillation
varies depending on the complex biochemical interactions be they hydrogen
oscillations, enzymatic oscillation such as RNA polymerase starting at a site
of transcription or high frequency currents carrying waves along the DNA in
forms like “bubbles” for additional EMW/EMF which can also effect ATP.
Electrical charge oscillations govern protein DNA recognition. Additionally,
non-histone proteins allow for other enzymes coming into play for influencing
structural changes in DNA, allowing specific sections of the DNA to be
available for transcription in an organized coding of DNA, avoiding non-sense
coding errors.
In order to understand the complexity of
transcription in DNA, one must consider the interactions in the cell between
and among the biochemical constituents and their targets. Beginning with
changes in the membrane of the cell in early stages of replication or in tumor
promotion, there is an influx of calcium from the membrane binding on calcium
calmodulin. This calcium then activates the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase
(ODC) [1]. ODC is unique in the fact that its products, spermine and
spermidine, block the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase which raises the ration of
cGMP over cAMP, a trigger, for GMP Kinases, as an early step in cell division
[2].
DNA is constantly oscillating at various
amplifications depending on many factors including cell cycle, circadian rhythm
and more [3]. The oscillation or rhythms are complex interactions among genes,
proteins and metabolites. They control every aspect of cell physiology from
signaling, motility and development to growth division and even death [4]. DNA
of bacteria and viruses has been shown to emit electromagnetic signals carrying
the DNA information through water [5]. Further data in yeast; show a genomic
oscillation in transcription. The transcription cycle gates synchronous bursts in
DNA replication with genes being synthesized at opposite phases of the cycle
[6].
Studies in energy patterns in twist-opening
models of DNA show that plane waves are inherent to DNA dynamics and describe
slight oscillations of strands. Some evidence to their contribution to the
initiation of the so called in “DNA breathing” has been obtained, and that they
also carry energy. Tabi et al. [7] have shown that the energy that has a strong
biological effect on DNA should be localized in specific regions of the DNA
lattice as enzymes such as RNA-polymerase contribute to the collection of the
vibrational energy in the molecule for a better initiation of the transcription
process. In other studies on DNA, high frequency currents are shown to carry
waves through trajectory “bubbles” [8] effecting transition gates [9]. This
oscillation changes as the cells prepare to transcribe or replicate [10] with
supercoiling of the DNA potentially giving the extra energy [11]. Since
movement is energy and EMF is known to be generated by DNA oscillation, this
might explain the ATP increase noted with some studies from the generated EMF
increased from oscillation of the DNA [12]. Transcription energy appears to be
increased from the increase in oscillation and DNA electric charge oscillations
govern protein-DNA Recognition. The conformational arrangement of the
protein-DNA complex results from a resonance process that involves more
efficient energy exchanges between the protein and DNA than with the
environment [13]. The structural changes in the chromosomes [14], the DNA
bending from non-histone proteins [15] and the phosphorylated histones [16,17]
all play a role in energy transmission, messaging to other parts
In histones, the amino acids have been shown
to experience several modifications, of at least twelve types: acetylation
(lysine), methylation (lysine and arginine), phosphorylation (serine and
threonine), sumoylation (lysine), ubiquitylation (lysine), ADP ribosylation,
butyrylation, citrullination, crotonylation, formulation, proline
isomerization, propionylation [18]. The acetylation and methylation on DNA from
the structural changes in the histones is not coincidental. Additionally, the
non-histone proteins make nucleosome structural changes on the chromosomal
proteins HMGN1 and HMGN2 [19]. This was suspected for decades to be affecting
the cell activity in relationship to cancer and tumor promotions [20]. Without
the NHP’s and the enzymatic influences, which allow only specific portions of
the DNA strand to be coded from, we would have nonsense coding. The histones,
with their structural modifications are imperative for proper DNA coding,
transcription and replication. Without histones, the transcription or coding
for proteins is only a non-sense coding without any activity. In other words,
the changes in the structure from NHP’s and the enzymes allow a logical
specific coding from DNA [21]. An example of this would be if we took AGCT and
gave them corresponding numbers 1234, without the structural changes in the
histones on the DNA and the enzymatic alterations we would only have 1234,
1234, 1234. This would mean a nonsense coding, which is what we see when coding
from DNA without histones, however, with the changes in the structure caused by
biochemical alterations, phosphorylation, methylation and acetylation etc., we
can alter the coding of the DNA depending on the structural change of the DNA
and the enzymatic change. We could then have coding of 1, 2, 1, 4, skipping the
3 or 1, 2, 1, 3, skipping the representative nucleotides. This changes the
whole coding to practical, logical and very systematically organized
transcription and eliminating nonsense coding of DNA.
The structural changes in the histones effect
the structural changes in the DNA during early transcription, creating a
necessary early structure within the single DNA strand that has been exposed
for early transcription. This DNA strand structure appears to be a moebius coil
and is said to be an effective form of a super conductor for electromagnetic
fields [22]. The spermine that has gone into the nucleus from ornithine
decarboxylase in the cytoplasm takes this coil that is unstable and in a right
handed DNA ring and flips it over to a stable left handed ring form of DNA
which amplifies circular movement of magnetic fields with an enhanced energy
required for cell replication or transcription. Essentially, it forms a closed
super conductor from the structural changes resulting from the biochemical
interactions that have allowed it to end in a stable left handed ring or coil.
This is a potential constant source of energy needed during transcription or
replication.
CONCLUSION
To summarize this complexity of transcription
and replication, structure from biochemical interactions and biochemical
oscillators, effect oscillation movement, increase energy-generating magnetic
fields and alter the electron or EMF activity. Biochemistry changes the coding
from DNA by opening up specific points on the DNA via histone structural
changes that would only be nonsense coding were it not for the structural
changes. These structural changes allow for enzymatic influences throughout the
histones for a perfect coding of DNA for replication, or transcription.
Biochemistry directly influences the structural changes necessary for the
proper DNA coding and for the amplification and concentrated localization of
EMF/energy concentrated in the left-handed ring for a continuous supply of the
energy either working with ATP or increasing the ATP when needed for DNA
synthesis/transcription or replication. Biochemistry influences the physics
involved in DNA transcription and replication via effects on structure and
oscillation, which allows for an organized endogenous energy supported
efficient transcription and/or replication in DNA.
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