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The objective of the present study was to determine effect of dietary inclusion of (Zingier Officinal) and garlic (Allium sativum) oil mixture (GIGM) on the growth performance and caecal microbial population of broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty-one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 5 treatments with three replicates consisting of 10 birds each in a completely randomized design. Birds in treatment 1 (T1) was fed basal diet with 0 % inclusion of GIGM while T2, T3, T4 and T5 were given 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 % and 0.4 % respectively. Clean feed and water were offered ad libitum and all other management practices were strictly observed throughout the experiment which lasted for 56 days. Results obtained were used to determine weight gain (WG), average daily weight gain (ADWG), total feed intake (TFI), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and microbial population of E. coli, Salmonella spp and Lactobacillus spp. ADWG, ADFI and FCR were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) influenced by the dietary inclusion of GIGM. ADWG were highest in T5 (47.80 g), T4 (45.75 g) and T3 (45.09 g), intermediate in T2 (39.59 g) and lowest in T1 (30.72 g). Lactobacillus spp increased as the level of dietary inclusion of GIGM increases (P ˂ 0.05). E. coli and Salmonella spp counts were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) different among the treatments. It was concluded that GIGM could be included in the diet of broilers up to 0.4 % without causing any deleterious effect on the performance and health of birds.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sourcing and extraction of oil
Experimental Animals and their management
Diet formulation
Performance parameters
On the 56th day of the experiment, 6 birds were randomly selected per treatment for caecal microbial enumeration (E. coli, Salmonella spp and Lactobacillus spp). A 10-fold serial dilution method was used in which 1% peptone solution was mixed with caecal samples and poured unto agar plates (Model R4-02X, Punjab, India) and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Visible colonies were enumerated using colony counter and the results were expressed as log10 CFU/g of caecal digesta.
Phytochemical analysis
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Phytochemical composition of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) oil
Caecal microbial population of broiler chicks fed diets with different level of GIGM is presented in Table 4. Microbial population of E. coli, Lactobacillus spp and Salmonella spp ranged from 20.12 - 34.98 (log10CFU/g), 15.40 - 30.44 (log10CFU/g) and 18.20 - 29.09 (log10CFU/g). E. coli and Salmonella spp values were highest in T1 relative to other treatments (P˂0.05) contrary to Lactobacillus spp count where T5 was highest, T2, T3, T4 followed similar trend and lowest in T1 (P˂0.05).
DISCUSSION
The pharmacological importance of EOs is primarily due to bioactive chemicals in plant tissues as primary and secondary metabolites [17]. These constituents have several therapeutic properties for instance terpenoids possess anticarcinogenic, antimalarial, anti-ulcer, antimicrobial or diuretic activity [18,19]. Flavonoids in plants possess medicinal benefits which includes antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [20,21]. They have the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, super oxide anions and lipid peroxy radicals [22]. Alkaloids perform antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant and protection of plants from pathogens [23]. Phenolic compounds show a wide range of pharmacological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and prevention of cardiovascular diseases [24].
CONCLUSION
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