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Tumor liberated protein (TLP) has been previously described
as a TAA (complex) present in the sera from lung cancer patients with early
stage disease.
Since early detection improves overall survival in lung
cancer, identification of screening biomarkers for patients at risk for the
development of this disease represents an important target. Starting from the
peptide epitope RTNKEASI previously isolated from TLP complexes, we generated a
rabbit anti-RTNKEASI serum. This antiserum detected and immunoprecipitated a
55kDa protein band in the lysate of the lung cancer cell line A549. This
protein band was identified as aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1A1 through mass
spectrometry, revealing the molecular nature of at least one component of the
previously described TLP complex. Next, we screened a cohort of 29 lung cancer
patients (all histologies), 17 patients with non-neoplastic lung pathologies
and 9 healthy donors for the presence of serum ALDH1A1 and global serum ALDH by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This analysis indicated that the presence of
ALDH was highly restricted to patients with lung cancer. Interestingly, the
global ALDH test detected more lung cancer patients compared to the
ALDH1A1-specific test, suggesting that other ALDH isoforms might add to the
sensitivity of the assay. Our data suggest that ALDH levels may therefore be
evaluated as part of a marker panel for lung cancer screening.
Finally, the ability of the immune system to recognize a TAA
enables the development of a vaccine approach for preventive and therapeutic
application and represents a main target of this field of research.
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