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Saliva is a complex fluid composed of wide range of organic
and inorganic components. The source of information is largely derived from the
variety of DNA’s, RNA’s and proteins present in the saliva. The assessment of
salivary biomarkers is a recent development with increased interest in its use
as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. The easy and non-invasive method of
collection, the proximity of saliva to various oral lesions along with the
availability of the newer technologies, has enabled the identification of
biomarkers present in small quantities thus signifying the use of saliva as an
important assessment media. Salivary diagnostics are being extensively reviewed
to identify potential biomarkers using genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics
and metabolomics. Ever since its discovery, metabolomics has been widely
applied to various clinical conditions for identifying biomarkers. Metabolomics
investigations can generate quantitative data for metabolites which helps in
elucidating the metabolic dynamics related to disease states and drug exposure.
Oral cancer is a significant disease affecting humans and the most common form
is the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) which accounts for over 90% of the
reported malignancies of the oral cavity. In general, OSCC can arise de novo or from pre-existing oral
lesions collectively referred to as oral potentially malignant disorders such
as leukoplakia. This presentation provides an overview of the clinical
applicability of saliva-based biomarkers in oral cancer along with the
discussion of research finding determining the clinical utility of salivary
metabolites in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Keywords: Salivary
diagnostics, Oral cancer, Oral pre-cancer, Metabolomics
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